Vendor Name: RedHat
Exam code: RH202
Exam Name: Redhat Certified Technician on Redhat Enterprise Linux 4 (Labs)
Change the root Password to
redtophat
Answer and Explanation:
Boot the system in Single user mode
Use the passwd command
Dig Server1.example.com,
Resolve to successfully through DNS Where DNS server is 172.24.254.254
Answer and Explanation:
#vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 172.24.254.254 # dig server1.example.com #host server1.example.com
DNS is the Domain Name System, which maintains a database that can help your
computer translate domain names such as www.redhat.com to IP addresses such as
216.148.218.197. As no
individual DNS server is large enough to keep a database for the entire
Internet, they can refer requests to other DNS servers. DNS is based on the
named daemon, which is built on the BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain)
package developed through the Internet Software Consortium Users wants to
access by name so DNS will interpret the name into ip address. You need to
specify the Address if DNS server in each and every client machine. In Redhat
Enterprise Linux, you need to specify the DNS server into /etc/resolv.conf
file. After Specifying the DNS server address, you can verify using host, dig
and nslookup commands.
Create the partition having
100MB size and mount it on /mnt/neo
Answer and Explanation:
Use fdisk /dev/hda To create new partition.
Type n For New partitions
It will ask for Logical or Primary Partitions.
Press l for logical.
It will ask for the Starting Cylinder: Use the
Default by pressing Enter Key.
Type the Size: +100M You can Specify either
Last cylinder of Size here.
Press P to verify the partitions lists and
remember the partitions name.
Press w to write on partitions table.
Either Reboot or use partprobe command.
Use mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda? ->Where ? is
your partition number
Or
mke2fs -j /dev/hda? To create ext3 filesystem.
mkdir /mnt/neo
vi /etc/fstab
Write:
/dev/hda? /mnt/neo ext3 defaults 1 2
Verify by mounting on current Sessions also:
mount /dev/hda? /mnt/neo
Your System is going use as a
router for 172.24.0.0/16 and 172.25.0.0/16. Enable the IP Forwarding.
Answer and Explanation:
echo "1"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
vi /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
/proc is the virtual filesystem, containing the information about the running
kernel. To change the parameter of running kernel you should modify on /proc.
From Next reboot the system, kernel will take the value from /etc/sysctl.conf.
Some users home directory is
shared from your system. Using showmount -e localhost command, the shared
directory is not shown. Make access the shared users home directory.
Answer and Explanation:
Verify the File whether Shared
or not ? : cat /etc/exports
Start the nfs service: service
nfs start
Start the portmap service:
service portmap start
Make automatically start the
nfs service on next reboot: chkconfig nfs on
Make automatically start the
portmap service on next reboot: chkconfig portmap on
Verify either sharing or not:
showmount -e localhost
Check that default firewall is
running on system ? if running flush the iptables using iptables -F and stop
the iptables service.
neo user tried by: dd
if=/dev/zero of=/home/neo/somefile bs=1024 count=70 files created successfully.
Again neo tried to create file having 70K using following command: dd
if=/dev/zero of=/home/neo/somefile bs=1024 count=70 But he is unable to create
the file. Make the user can create the file less then 70K.
Answer and Explanation:
Very Tricky question from
redhat. Actually question is giving scenario to you to implement quota to neo
user. You should apply the quota to neo user on /home that neo user shouldn't
occupied space more than 70K.
1. vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/home /home
ext3 defaults,usrquota 0 0 -> To enable the quota on filesystem you
should mount the filesystem with usrquota for user quota and grpquota for group
quota.
touch /home/aquota.user->
Creating blank quota database file.
mount -o remount /home
->Remounting the /home with updated mount options. You can verify that /home
is mounted with usrquota options or not using mount command.
quotacheck -u /home
->Initialization the quota on /home
edquota -u neo /home->
Quota Policy editor
See the snapshot 1 Disk quotas
for user neo (uid 500): 2 Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
4 /dev/mapper/vo-myvol 2 30 70 1 0 0 Can you set the hard limit 70
and soft limit as you think like 30. Verify using the repquota /home command.
One Logical Volume is created
named as myvol under vo volume group and is mounted. The Initial Size of that
Logical Volume is 124MB. Make successfully that the size of Logical Volume
245MB without losing any data. The size of logical volume 240MB to 255MB will
be acceptable.
Answer and Explanation:
First check the size of
Logical Volume: lvdisplay /dev/vo/myvol
Increase the Size of Logical
Volume: lvextend -L+121M /dev/vo/myvol
Make Available the size on
online: resize2fs /dev/vo/myvol
Verify the Size of Logical
Volume: lvdisplay /dev/vo/myvol
Verify that the size comes in
online or not: df -h We can extend the size of logical Volume using the
lvextend command. As well as to decrease the size of Logical Volume, use the
lvresize command. In LVM v2 we can extend the size of Logical Volume without
unmount as well as we can bring the actual size of Logical Volume on online
using ext2online command.
Quota is implemented on /data
but not working properly. Find out the Problem and implement the quota to user1
to have a soft limit 60 inodes (files) and hard limit of 70 inodes (files).
Answer and Explanation:
Quotas are used to limit a
user's or a group of users' ability to consume disk space. This prevents a
small group of users from monopolizing disk capacity and potentially
interfering with other users or the entire system. Disk quotas are commonly
used by ISPs, by Web hosting companies, on FTP sites, and on corporate file
servers to ensure continued availability of their systems. Without quotas, one
or more users can upload files on an FTP server to the point of filling a
filesystem. Once the affected partition is full, other users are effectively denied
upload access to the disk. This is also a reason to mount different filesystem
directories on different partitions. For example, if you only had partitions
for your root (/) directory and swap space, someone uploading to your computer
could fill up all of the space in your root directory (/). Without at least a
little free space in the root directory (/), your system could become unstable
or even crash. You have two ways to set quotas for users. You can limit users
by inodes or by kilobytesized disk blocks. Every Linux file requires an inode.
Therefore, you can limit users by the number of files or by absolute space. You
can set up different quotas for different filesystems. For example, you can set
different quotas for users on the /home and /tmp directories if they are
mounted on their own partitions. Limits on disk blocks restrict the amount of
disk space available to a user on your system. Older versions of Red Hat Linux
included LinuxConf, which included a graphical tool to configure quotas. As of
this writing, Red Hat no longer has a graphical quota configuration tool.
Today, you can configure quotas on RHEL only through the command line
interface.
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/hda 11 /data ext3
defaults,usrquota 1 2
Either Reboot the System or remount the
partition.
Mount -o remount /dev/hda11
/data
touch /data/aquota.user
quotacheck -ufm /data
quotaon -u /data
edquota -u user1 /data and Specified the Soft
limit and hard limit on opened file. To verify either quota is working or not:
Soft limit specify the limit to generate warnings to users and hard limit can't
cross by the user. Use the quota command or repquota command to monitor the
quota information.
One Logical Volume named lv1
is created under vg0. The Initial Size of that Logical Volume is 100MB. Now you
required the size 500MB. Make successfully the size of that Logical Volume 500M
without losing any data. As well as size should be increased online.
Answer and Explanation:
The LVM system organizes hard
disks into Logical Volume (LV) groups. Essentially, physical hard disk
partitions (or possibly RAID arrays) are set up in a bunch of equalsized
chunks known as Physical
Extents (PE). As there are several other concepts associated with the LVM
system, let's start with some basic definitions:
Physical Volume (PV) is the
standard partition that you add to the LVM mix. Normally, a physical volume is a
standard primary or logical partition. It can also be a RAID array.
Physical Extent (PE) is a
chunk of disk space. Every PV is divided into a number
of equal sized PEs. Every PE in
a LV group is the same size. Different LV groups can have different sized PEs.
Logical Extent (LE) is also a
chunk of disk space. Every LE is mapped to a specific PE.
Logical Volume (LV) is
composed of a group of LEs. You can mount a filesystem such as /home and
/var on an LV.
Volume Group (VG) is composed
of a group of LVs. It is the organizational group for LVM. Most of the commands
that you'll use apply to a specific VG.
Verify the size of Logical Volume: lvdisplay
/dev/vg0/lv1
Verify the Size on mounted directory: df -h or
df -h mounted directory name
Use : lvextend -L+400M /dev/vg0/lv1
resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv1 to bring extended size
online.
Again Verify using lvdisplay and df -h
command.
Create one partitions having
size 100MB and mount it on /data.
Answer and Explanation:
Use fdisk /dev/hda-> To
create new partition.
Type n-> For New partitions
It will ask for Logical or
Primary Partitions. Press l for logical.
It will ask for the Starting
Cylinder: Use the Default by pressing Enter Key.
Type the Size: +100M-> You
can Specify either Last cylinder of Size here.
Press P to verify the
partitions lists and remember the partitions name.
Press w to write on partitions
table.
Either Reboot or use partprobe
command.
Use mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda?Or
mke2fs -j /dev/hda?-> To create ext3 filesystem.
vi /etc/fstab Write: /dev/hda? /data ext3
defaults 1 2
Verify by mounting on current Sessions also:
mount /dev/hda? /data
You are new System
Administrator and from now you are going to handle the system and your main
task is Network monitoring, Backup and Restore. But you don't know the root
password. Change the root password to redhat and login in
default Runlevel.
Answer and Explanation:
When you Boot the System, it
starts on default Runlevel specified in /etc/inittab: Id:?:initdefault: When
System Successfully boot, it will ask for username and password. But you don't
know the root's password. To change the root password you need to boot the
system into single user mode. You can pass the kernel arguments from the boot
loader.
Restart the System.
You will get the boot loader
GRUB screen.
Press a and type 1 or s for
single mode ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb queit s
System will boot on Single
User mode.
Use passwd command to change.
Press ctrl+d
There are more then 400
Computers in your Office. You are appointed as a System Administrator. But you
don't have Router. So, you are going to use your One Linux Server as a Router.
How will you enable IP packets forward?
Answer and Explanation:
/proc is the virtual filesystem, we use /proc
to modify the kernel parameters at running time. # echo "1"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
/etc/sysctl.conf when System Reboot on next
time, /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit scripts reads the file /etc/sysctl.conf. To enable the
IP forwarding on next reboot also you need to set the parameter.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 Here 0 means disable, 1 means enable.
You Completely Install the
Redhat Enterprise Linux 5 on your System. While start the system, it's giving
error to load X window System. How will you fix that problem and make boot
successfully run X Window System.
Answer and Explanation:
Think while Problems occurred
on booting System on Runlevel 5 (X Window).
/tmp is full or not
Quota is already reached
Video card or resolution or
monitor is misconfigured.
xfs service is running or not.
Do These:
df -h /tmp /tmp-> is full
remove the unnecessary file
quota username-> if quota
is already reached remove unnecessary file from home directory.
Boot the System in runlevel 3.
->you can pass the Kernel Argument from boot loader.
Use command:
system-config-display->It will display a dialog to configure the monitor,
Video card, resolution etc.
Set the Default Runlevel 5 in
/etc/inittab id:5:initdefault:
Reboot the System you will get
the GUI login Screen.
There are two different
networks, 192.168.0.0/24 and 192.168.1.0/24. Your System is in 192.168.0.0/24
Network. One RHEL 5 Installed System is going to use as a Router. All required
configuration is already done on Linux Server. Where
192.168.0.254 and
192.168.1.254 IP Address are assigned on that Server. How will make
successfully ping to 192.168.1.0/24 Network's Host?
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/sysconfig/network
GATEWAY=192.168.0.254 OR vi
/etc/sysconf/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.0.?
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.0.254
2. service network restart
Explanation: Gateway defines
the way to exit the packets. According to QUESTION System working as a router
for two networks have IP Address 192.168.0.254 and 192.168.1.254. To get the
hosts on 192.168.1.0/24 should go through 192.168.0.254.
Make a swap partition having
100MB. Make Automatically Usable at System Boot Time.
Answer and Explanation:
Use fdisk /dev/hda ->To create new
partition.
Type n ->For New partition
It will ask for Logical or Primary Partitions.
Press l for logical.
It will ask for the Starting Cylinder: Use the
Default by pressing Enter Key.
Type the Size: +100M ->You can Specify
either Last cylinder of Size here.
Press P to verify the partitions lists and
remember the partitions name. Default System ID is 83 that means Linux Native.
Type t to change the System ID of partition.
Type Partition Number
Type 82 that means Linux Swap.
Press w to write on partitions table.
Either Reboot or use partprobe command.
mkswap /dev/hda?-> To create Swap File
system on partition.
swapon /dev/hda? ->To enable the Swap space
from partition.
free -m-> Verify Either Swap is enabled or
not.
vi /etc/fstab /dev/hda? swap swap defaults 0 0
Reboot the System and verify that swap is
automatically enabled or not.
Vendor Name: RedHat
Exam code: RH202
Exam Name: Redhat Certified Technician on Redhat Enterprise Linux 4 (Labs)
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